Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome, mandibulofacial dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by dysgenesis of the hard and soft tissues of the first and second branchial arches. The main clinical symptoms are hypoplastic facial bones （zygoma and mandible）, palpebral fissures, ear deformities, hearing loss, and cleft palate. Chin augmentation with a silicone implant is a relatively common practice in esthetic surgery. Although silicone appears to be a durable and safe material, it has been implicated in a variety of adverse inflammatory reactions.
We herein report a case of Treacher Collins syndrome with a silicone implant removed from the chin because of odontogenic infection during a long period after augmentation genioplasty. A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of abscesses in her submental region. The patient had a history of esthetic surgery with silicone implantation for chin augmentation about 41 years prior. The postoperative course had been uneventful until recently when purulent discharge was noted through the skin in the submental region.
On initial examination, numerous abscesses with orocutaneous fistulas were noted in the submental region and peripheral periodontitis of the mandibular anterior teeth. The biopsy showed granular tissue caused by persistent chronic infection due to the silicone implant. The subsequent surgical intervention included the removal of the implant with repair of the orocutaneous fistulas and peripheral periodontitis of the mandibular anterior teeth.
The importance of regular maintenance for oral hygiene is essential to prevent secondary infection in a case of augmentation genioplasty with a silicone implant.
