The purpose of this study was to establish a Japanese standard norm for orthognathic surgical analysis to be used in clinical applications and to clarify maxillofacial morphological characteristics in skeletal Class III malocclusions requiring orthognathic surgery. The materials were pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs in the relaxed lip posture from 50 subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions diagnosed as requiring orthognathic surgery. The control group consisted of 50 subjects with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces. Detailed cephalometric measurements were recorded and analyzed statistically. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements from the normal group did not reveal any marked differences between the sexes. The Class III group exhibited a more retrognathic maxilla and prognathic mandible, a steeper mandibular plane, a more prominent chin, and a larger lower facial height in the skeletal measurements; a significant lingual inclination of the mandibular incisor in the dental measurement; and a more concave profile with prognathic mandible, a larger lower facial height, a more acute nasolabial angle and chin in the soft tissue measurements. We suggest that this analysis can be clinically useful in diagnosis, treatment planning, and posttreatment evaluation for orthognathic surgical cases who are Class III patients.

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This report contains a statistical review of 559 cases of lesions forming hard tissues that were diagnosed by the departments of Clinical Pathophysiology and of Pathology at Tokyo Dental College from 1966 to 2001. Sixteen kinds of lesions which were related to the formation of bone, cartilage or cementum were analysed: osteoma, osteo-chondroma, chondroma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, cementifying fibroma, so-called cementoma, cementoblastoma, gigantiform cementoma, periapical cemental dysplasia, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibro-osseous lesion, and fibrous dysplasia of bone. The most common lesion was osteoma (203 cases). There is a marked tendency for this condition to occur in females (201 male cases and 358 female cases). The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 84 years, and the mean was 40.1 years old. Lesions with hard tissue formation were observed most frequently in the third decade and in the mandibular molar region.

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This report describes the proliferation and the expression of Cbfa-1 in a rare case of peripheral osteo-chondroma arising from the mandibular oral mucosa of an edentulous alveolar ridge. Histologically, the lesion consisted of mesenchymal cells with either bone or cartilage tissue in the center. Almost all the tumor cells were reactive for PCNA, however, only the cells around the bone and cartilage tissues were reactive for Cbfa-1. These results suggest that both the bone and the cartilage tissues in this case were produced by mesenchymal cells that originated from the peripheral periosteum of the alveolar ridge. Furthermore, we have shown that immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and Cbfa-1 can be used to investigate lesions with bone or cartilage formation and to distinguish between those produced by osteogenic cells from those that are just reactive and produced by dystrophic calcification.

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A 64-year-old Japanese male had a squamous cell carcinoma (T4N1M0) in the left gingival and buccal mucosa, so a radical wide resection involving left radical neck dissection was performed. An anterolateral thigh flap measuring 15×8 cm was raised from the left thigh and transferred to the defect. The postoperative course was eventful. There was no postoperative flap necrosis, infection, not even a cervical fistula.

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This study compared fluoride release from three fluoride-releasing dental adhesives (Trial KBF Bond, One-up Bond F, Reactmer Bond) and one conventional dental adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) for 70 days in vitro. From each material, five disk-shaped specimens (diameter: 9.0 mm, height: 1.5 mm) were prepared and immersed in 5ml of 10 mM phosphate buffered solution (pH 7.0). After 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days, the samples were transferred into new solutions. The fluoride content was determined with a combined fluoride sensitive electrode attached to an ion analyzer. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA, followed by Scheffé's test. Reactmer Bond showed the greatest fluoride release over 70 days (280.2±10.1 μg/cm²) among the materials tested. The values for One-up Bond F and Trial KBF Bond were 83.4±5.3μg/cm² and 58.6± 1.5μg/cm², respectively. The values were significantly different among the four groups (p<0.0001). Clearfil SE Bond showed almost no fluoride release over 70 days.

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It has been reported that swallowing is a rhythmic movement, in which the onset of the oro-pharyngeal stage of swallowing starts from the mylohyoid muscle, followed by movement of the oral and pharyngeal muscles, and reaching the superior esophageal sphincter muscle. This is defined as the oro-pharyngeal stage of swallowing. It has also been reported that along with this movement, the larynx elevates in an antero-superior direction. To investigate the swallowing movement, it would be useful to be able to detect the start of swallowing movements from the body surface. Such a device was designed in this study to investigate the relationships between the onset of laryngeal movement and the EGM initiation of the anterior digastric muscle. Although experimental conditions must be further examined, we were able to record the reproducible movement and the position of larynx using our device provides another tool for studying the swallowing movement.

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