Maximum and Minimum Estimates of Pupation and Emergence Rates Based on the Daily Rhythms of the Cucumber Looper, Anadevidia peponis (FABRICIUS) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Abstract

In the cucumber looper, Anadevidia peponis (FABRICIUS), under the regime of 12L-12D (light-on, 12 : 00 and light-off, 24 : 00), the daily rhythms of the pupation and the adult emergence rates in unit of y=√(No.+0.5) were expressed with the simple sine curve Y=3.5242-0.8131uX₁+0.2795vX₁ and the two-term Fourier curve Y=2.5497-0.8492uX₁-0.5769vX₁-0.0197uX₂+0.2814vX₂, respectively. The average maximum number of pupations, 18.635, was obtained approximately at the 10 : 44 hour (1 hour and 16 minutes before light-on) and the minimum, 6.651, at the 22 : 44 hour (1 hour and 16 minutes before light-off), a 2.80-fold difference in a day. The average maximum number of adult emergence, 14.284, was obtained at the 18 : 44 hour (6 hours and 44 minutes after light-on) and the minimum, 2.325, at the 04 : 04 hour (4 hours and 4 minutes after light-off), a 6.14-fold difference in a day.