The Transition of African Students in China from University Education to Work: Focusing on Labor Policies and Employment Cases of International Students

Abstract

In the context of the national policy regimes competing for knowledge workers, international students are seen as emerging talents. This study focuses on sub-Saharan African students in China, a group of international students whose numbers have grown rapidly. The objective of this study is to explore China’s labor policies, and the transition process of sub-Saharan African students from university education to work. By analyzing documents published by the Chinese government, it is found that in recent years, China has not only liberalized international students’ applications for work visas but has also set up special areas to support business start-ups. Data obtained from qualitative interviews of African students who graduated from Chinese universities reveals that, regarding career decisions, little expectation of employment and concerns about unstable job prospects prevent students from returning to their home countries. On the other hand, students view employment or starting a business in China as a means of giving back to their families and home countries. The networks established in China help them complete the transition process from university education to work. Besides, in a context where guidance and support for employment are lacking, it is seen that their personality and abilities are essential individual factors, while luck and chance also play a big role. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic contributes to students’ transition process. This study also finds that African students who stay in China to work or start a business have the potential to contribute to brain circulation between China and their home country.