Abstract
Background: The HIV-positive ratio in donated blood in Japan is much higher than in other industrialized countries, though the HIV infection rate among the general population is the lowest. This study aims to explore effective measures to prevent HIV contamination of donated blood by examining measures taken in other counties to ensure the safety of donated blood.
Materials & Methods: Measures used to prevent HIV contamination of donated blood in Belgium, Switzerland, the UK, Sweden and Canada were investigated by referring to published information, sending questionnaires, site visits and interviews with staff in blood centers.
Results: Commonly used methods in the investigated countries are as follows: Education prior to donation and confirmation of comprehension by candidate donors, identification by ID and data management of donors, completion of questionnaires and signatures by donors, accountable interviews by trained personnel and the opportunity to withdraw donated blood after donation. Some blood centers request candidates to name prior contacts before their first donation for education and/or blood tests.
Detailed descriptions of activities which raise risks of HIV infection and carefulinterviews with first applicants would raise donors' awareness of their suitability for blooddonation. Furthermore, HIV testing is offered in medical facilities in communities and expenses are covered by medical insurance. In contrast to Japan, all countries inform candidatedonors of positive HIV test results, followed by HIV counseling and referral to HIV/AIDS specialists.
Conclusions: Possible measures to prevent HIV contamination of donated blood in Japan include the following: effective education of candidate donors about HIV/AIDS and confirmation of their comprehension initially, followed by checks on donors' identity, building the skills of interviewers and ensuring accountability, and also ensuring easy access to HIV testing at medical facilities.
