Progress in Fish Production Technology and Strategies: with Emphasis on Feeding

Abstract

The Australian aquaculture industry in 1994/95 was worth about AU$ 419 million, and grows eleven main species. Significant research effort has been focused on the replacement of fish meal protein, for alternative proteins, more readily available within the country. Considerable research has been directed to techniques for the rearing of marine fish larvae and the adaptation of grow out technology to suit local conditions. Feed distribution technology is also an area receiving attention. The increasing cost of feed, the desire to improve husbandry techniques and a concern for the environment has prompted research into feed management and technology, particularly in the salmonid industry. Feed distribution technology using an underwater sensor with a ‘feedback’ algorithm was used to grow fish efficiently, displaying significant improvement over historical values. The relationship between fish behaviour/biology/feeding & activity rhythms is discussed in relation to the requirements for optimal growth and feed conversion of cultured fish. Three species were considered (S. salar, O. tshawytscha and L. calcarifer) and feeding patterns were demonstrated to relate to size, photoperiod, temperature and discussed in respect to fish hierarchies.