Abstract
In this study, various styles of Nongjiale management are analyzed during periods of changing conditions vis-à-vis the urbanization of residents’lifestyles and communities, based on the results of a Guandi village door-to-door Nongjiale survey. Furthermore, the role of cooperatives in increasingly diverse Nongjiale and local communities is examined. The survey results clearly demonstrate that changes in local communities ar e due to urbanization. Nongjiale management is increasingly more varied, and is often performed as a side business by full-time farmers (i.e., part-time Nongjiale), but also by full-time Nongjiale (where it is the main source of income) or by rental Nongjiale (where facilities are rented specifically for management). Farmers’cooperatives work to develop an environment where all residents can participate in tourist activities and cultivate human resources to undertake regional development initiatives, revise requirements to promote diverse kinds of involvement, preserve the local landscape, and the like. Finally, in view of the diverse societal changes that villagers’committees face, it is evident that cooperatives accept a wide variety of residents and work to organize local areas through Nongjiale.
