Abstract
We discussed how biodiversity conservation in rural landscape/ecosystem should be dealt with at the fields of rural planning for future. By reviewing international issues on agrobiodiversity in which cultural knowledge developed in a local society is often included as a part of biodiversity conservation and management, we argued the lack of holistic approaches including not only conservation biological and ecological but also socioeconomic, anthropological and ethnobiological viewpoints for conserving biodiversity in rural landscapes, Japan. Based on a new paradigm of biodiversity conservation in Japan's rural landscapes as of inseparability with knowledge and culture in a rural society, we elaborated key issues in each rural-planning aspect for biodiversity assessment at the fields of rural planning with different locations from mountainous to urbanized regions.
