Abstract
Since the discovery of Gm st gene which characterizes Mongoloid populations in 1966, the distribution of the genetic markers of immunoglobulins (Gm haplotypes) among the Mongoloid and neighboring populations scattered from Southeast Asia through East Asia to South America has been investigated and concluded as follows:
1) Mongoloid populations are divided into two groups on the basis of analysis of genetic distances based on the Gm haplotype frequencies: One is a southern group characterized by a remarkably high frequency of Gm afb1b3 and a low frequency of Gm ag and the other is a northern group characterized by a high frequency of Gm ag and an extremely low frequency of Gm afb1b3.
2) Populations in China, mainly Han including minority nationalities, show remarkable heterogeneities from north to south, in sharp contrast to Korean and Japanese populations showing homogeneities, respectively. The center of dispersion of the Gm afblb3 characterizing southern Mongoloids must exist in Guangxi and Yunnan area in the southwest China.
3) The Gm ab3st gene found in the highest incidence among the north Baikal Briats flows in all directions. The gene, however, shows precipitous drop which occur from mainland China to Southeast Asia and from North to South America, although the Gm ab3st gene is still found in high incidences among Eskimos, Yakuts, Tibetans, Oroqens, Koreans, Japanese and Ainu. On the other hand, the gene is introduced into Hui, Uygur, Indians, Iranians and far into Saldinians in Italy. On the basis of these results, it should be concluded that Japanese race belongs to northern Mongoloids and that the origin of Japanese race must exist in Siberia, most likely in the Baikal area.
