Small-scale spatial patterns and intra- and interspecific relationships of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods

NOZOMU IWASAKI

doi:10.5179/benthos1990.1995.49_39

NOZOMU IWASAKI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 49 Pages 39-50

DOI https://doi.org/10.5179/benthos1990.1995.49_39

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Published: August 31, 1995 Received: June 09, 1994 Available on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009 Accepted: April 20, 1995 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 07, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BELL, S. S., 1979. Short-and long-term variation in a high marsh meiofauna community. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci., 9: 331-350.
CHANDLER, G. T. and J. W. FLEEGER, 1987. Facilitative and inhibitory interactions among estuarine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Ecology, 68: 1906-1919.
COULL, B. C. and S. S. BELL, 1979. Perspectives of marine meiofaunal ecology. In, Ecological processes in coastal and marine systems, ed. by R. J. LIVINGSTON, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 189-216.
ECKMAN, J. E. and D. THISTLE, 1988. Small-scale spatial pattern in meiobenthos in the San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 1565-1578.
ECKMAN, J. E. and D. THISTLE, 1991. Effects of flow about a biologically produced structure on harpacticoid copepods in the San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Res., 38: 1397-1416.
FINDLAY, S. E. G., 1981. Small-scale spatial distribution of meiofauna on a mud-and sandflat. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 12: 471-484.
FINDLAY, S. E. G., 1982. Influence of sampling scale on apparent distribution of meiofauna on a sandflat. Estuaries, 5: 322-324.
FLEEGER, J. W., 1980. Community structure of an estuarine meiobenthic copepod assemblage. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci.,10: 107-118.
FLEEGER, J. W. and A. W. DECHO, 1987. Spatial variability of interstitial meiofauna: a review. Stygologia, 3: 35-54.
FOY, M. S. and D. THISTLE, 1991. On the vertical distribution of a benthic harpacticoid copepod: field, laboratory, and flume results. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 153: 153-163.
HEIP, C., 1973. Partitioning of a brackish water habitat by copepod species. Hydrobiologia, 41: 189-198.
HEIP, C. and P. ENGELS, 1977. Spatial segregation in copepod species from a brackish water habitat. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 26: 77-96.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1984. Spatio-temporal dynamics of a meiobenthic copepod and the impact of predation-disturbance. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 81: 47-72.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1986. Distribution and behaviour of meiofaunal copepods inside and outside seagrass beds. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 31: 159-170.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1989. Does epibenthic structure negatively affect meiofauna? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 133: 39-55.
HICKS, G. R. F. and B. C. COULL,1983. The ecology of marine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 21: 67-175.
IWASAKI, N., (1995). Short-term variation of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods in a sea bream nursery pond: effects of environmental changes and predation. Bent hos Res., 48: 1-12.
ITÔ, T., 1984. Studies on the interstitial animals in the Ishikari beach, Hokkaido, northern Japan - A preliminary report. Bent hos Res., 26: 1-14 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
IVESTER, M. S. and B. C. COULL,1977. Niche fractionation studies of two sympatric species of Enhydrosoma (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Microf auna Meeresboden, 61: 137-151.
KITAZIMA, Y., 1983. Distribution of some interstitial harpacticoid copepods in an intertidal sediment (preliminary report). Bent hos Res., 26: 15-22 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
KITAZIMA, Y., 1985. Studies on the depth distribution of some sand-dwelling copepods (Crustacea, Harpacticoida). J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1, Zool., 31: 193-221.
KREBS, J., 1972. Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper & Row, New York, 694 pp.
KRISHNA IYER, P. V., 1949. The first and second moments of some probability distributions arising from points on a lattice and their application. Biometriha, 36: 135-141.
LEE, J. J., J. H. TIETJEN, C. MASTROPAOLO, and H. RUBIN, 1977. Food quality and the heteroge-neous spatial distribution of meiofauna. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters., 30: 272-282.
MCLACHLAN, A., 1978. A quantitative analysis of the meiofauna and the chemistry of the redox potential discontinuity zone in a sheltered sandy beach. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci., 7: 275-290.
MORISITA, M., 1959. Measuring of the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. E, Biol., 2: 215-235.
OHNO, A., 1992. Fundamental study on the extensive seed production of the red seabream, Pagrus major. Tohubetsu Kenhyu Hohhohu, Japan Sea Farming Association, 2: 1-110 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
PIELOU, E. C., 1969. An introduction to mathe-matical ecology. John Wiley, New York, 286 pp.
SIMPSON, G. G., A. ROE and R. C. LEWONTIN, 1960. Quantitative zoology, revised edition. Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, 440 pp.
SUN, B. and J. W. FLEEGER, 1991. Spatial and temporal patterns of dispersion in meiobenthic copepods. Mar. Ecol. Frog. Ser., 71: 1-11.
SUN, B., J. W. FLEEGER and R. S. CARNEY, 1993. Sediment microtopography and the smallscale spatial distribution of meiofauna. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Eco 1. , 167: 73-90.
THISTLE, D., 1978. Harpacticoid dispersion patterns: implications for deep-sea diversity maintenance. J. Mar. Res., 36: 377-397.

Right : BELL, S. S., 1979. Short-and long-term variation in a high marsh meiofauna community. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci., 9: 331-350.
CHANDLER, G. T. and J. W. FLEEGER, 1987. Facilitative and inhibitory interactions among estuarine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Ecology, 68: 1906-1919.
COULL, B. C. and S. S. BELL, 1979. Perspectives of marine meiofaunal ecology. In, Ecological processes in coastal and marine systems, ed. by R. J. LIVINGSTON, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 189-216.
ECKMAN, J. E. and D. THISTLE, 1988. Small-scale spatial pattern in meiobenthos in the San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 1565-1578.
ECKMAN, J. E. and D. THISTLE, 1991. Effects of flow about a biologically produced structure on harpacticoid copepods in the San Diego Trough. Deep-Sea Res., 38: 1397-1416.
FINDLAY, S. E. G., 1981. Small-scale spatial distribution of meiofauna on a mud-and sandflat. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 12: 471-484.
FINDLAY, S. E. G., 1982. Influence of sampling scale on apparent distribution of meiofauna on a sandflat. Estuaries, 5: 322-324.
FLEEGER, J. W., 1980. Community structure of an estuarine meiobenthic copepod assemblage. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci.,10: 107-118.
FLEEGER, J. W. and A. W. DECHO, 1987. Spatial variability of interstitial meiofauna: a review. Stygologia, 3: 35-54.
FOY, M. S. and D. THISTLE, 1991. On the vertical distribution of a benthic harpacticoid copepod: field, laboratory, and flume results. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 153: 153-163.
HEIP, C., 1973. Partitioning of a brackish water habitat by copepod species. Hydrobiologia, 41: 189-198.
HEIP, C. and P. ENGELS, 1977. Spatial segregation in copepod species from a brackish water habitat. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 26: 77-96.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1984. Spatio-temporal dynamics of a meiobenthic copepod and the impact of predation-disturbance. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 81: 47-72.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1986. Distribution and behaviour of meiofaunal copepods inside and outside seagrass beds. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 31: 159-170.
HICKS, G. R. F., 1989. Does epibenthic structure negatively affect meiofauna? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 133: 39-55.
HICKS, G. R. F. and B. C. COULL,1983. The ecology of marine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 21: 67-175.
IWASAKI, N., (1995). Short-term variation of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods in a sea bream nursery pond: effects of environmental changes and predation. Bent hos Res., 48: 1-12.
ITÔ, T., 1984. Studies on the interstitial animals in the Ishikari beach, Hokkaido, northern Japan - A preliminary report. Bent hos Res., 26: 1-14 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
IVESTER, M. S. and B. C. COULL,1977. Niche fractionation studies of two sympatric species of Enhydrosoma (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Microf auna Meeresboden, 61: 137-151.
KITAZIMA, Y., 1983. Distribution of some interstitial harpacticoid copepods in an intertidal sediment (preliminary report). Bent hos Res., 26: 15-22 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
KITAZIMA, Y., 1985. Studies on the depth distribution of some sand-dwelling copepods (Crustacea, Harpacticoida). J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1, Zool., 31: 193-221.
KREBS, J., 1972. Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper & Row, New York, 694 pp.
KRISHNA IYER, P. V., 1949. The first and second moments of some probability distributions arising from points on a lattice and their application. Biometriha, 36: 135-141.
LEE, J. J., J. H. TIETJEN, C. MASTROPAOLO, and H. RUBIN, 1977. Food quality and the heteroge-neous spatial distribution of meiofauna. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters., 30: 272-282.
MCLACHLAN, A., 1978. A quantitative analysis of the meiofauna and the chemistry of the redox potential discontinuity zone in a sheltered sandy beach. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci., 7: 275-290.
MORISITA, M., 1959. Measuring of the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. E, Biol., 2: 215-235.
OHNO, A., 1992. Fundamental study on the extensive seed production of the red seabream, Pagrus major. Tohubetsu Kenhyu Hohhohu, Japan Sea Farming Association, 2: 1-110 (In Japanese, with an English abstract).
PIELOU, E. C., 1969. An introduction to mathe-matical ecology. John Wiley, New York, 286 pp.
SIMPSON, G. G., A. ROE and R. C. LEWONTIN, 1960. Quantitative zoology, revised edition. Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, 440 pp.
SUN, B. and J. W. FLEEGER, 1991. Spatial and temporal patterns of dispersion in meiobenthic copepods. Mar. Ecol. Frog. Ser., 71: 1-11.
SUN, B., J. W. FLEEGER and R. S. CARNEY, 1993. Sediment microtopography and the smallscale spatial distribution of meiofauna. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Eco 1. , 167: 73-90.
THISTLE, D., 1978. Harpacticoid dispersion patterns: implications for deep-sea diversity maintenance. J. Mar. Res., 36: 377-397.

Abstract

The small-scale spatial distribution of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods was studied in a sea bream nursery pond on Momo Island, Hiroshima, Japan. Sampling was carried out twice in daylight in July and August, 1980. Sediment samples were collected by hand coring using a 7×7 cells multiple contiguous corer. All the abundant species in both samples showed aggregated spatial patterns. For each abundant species, except in two cases, cores with a lower density and cores with a higher density than the mean were randomly distributed in the grid. There was no significant avoidance between species and some species significantly overlapped. Within species, ovigerous females and mating cou-ples were predominantly distributed in densely populated areas. The results suggest that interspecific competition was not the cause of patch generation, but that breeding behavior probably played an important role in patch formation during the breeding season.

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