A Generative Analysis Concerning the Modifications of the Skillsin the Horizontal Bar Technique: “backward tuck somersault with one twist chinning while going over the bar (Kolman)”

Abstract

The current rules require gymnasts to perform techniques that are as difficult and complex as possible to obtain high scores. Today, many of them perform the Kolman (Level E) in the men’s horizontal bar event. This technique becomes “backward stretch somersault with one twist chinning while going over the bar (Cassina) ” (Level G) when doing the somersault with the body stretched. Also, it becomes the “backward tuck somersault with two twist chinning while going over the bar(Bretschneider)” (Level H), when adding another twist to the somersault. Therefore, the Kolman is considered the basic form for those techniques. However, there have not been many studies on the technical training of the Kolman.

Therefore, in this study, the author gives a pure description of how the Kolman has gone through modifications from the standpoint of phenomenological movement analysis and clarifies the significance of the skills used for this technique.

The following two factors have influenced the generation of skills required to stabilize the Kolman.

1.Getting into the correct position for the hanging phase with relaxed shoulders

2.Clear understanding of the movement while hanging

The result of this study should enable gymnasts, who are aiming to acquire this technique, and their coaches to gain a prior understanding and train more effectively.