A Prey–Predator Model with Hunting Cooperation

Abstract

The dynamics of prey–predator models has been extensively studied to explore the mechanisms of coexistence in diverse ecosystems. In this study, we consider the dynamics of a prey–predator model that incorporates cooperative hunting among predators. We investigate the stability and the occurrences of Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations that depend on the cooperation rate and the carrying capacity of prey. Based on our analysis, hunting cooperation has been found to be beneficial for predator coexistence by increasing the cooperation rate among predators, and the close cooperation generates fluctuating dynamics as well. We also introduce a model that includes handling time and discuss recent studies on the model incorporating disease transmission among preys and the reduction in the reproductive rate of prey caused by the fear of predation.