Identification of the Flower Pigments in the Garden Balsam (Impatiens balsamina), and Their Properties in Textile Dyeing

Abstract

Three anthocyanins and one flavonol were isolated from the flowers of garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina). They were identified as pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-O-(6″-Z-p-coumaroylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-(6″-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside as anthocyanins, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside as flavonol. The crude extracts of the red and white balsam flowers and the isolated anthocyanins of pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin 3-O-(6″-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside were used in the dyeing tests, and their dye properties were measured as CIE L*a*b* colorimetric values. The dyeing of the crude extracts showed that the red flowers showed relatively higher a* and lower b* values than the white flowers. The dyeing test of the isolated anthocyanins showed that the acylated anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-O-(6″-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside, revealed lower b* value than that of non-acylated anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. It suggested that an acylated anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-O-(6″-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside is mainly related to dyeing color in the red balsam flowers.