Abstract
The aging process correlates with the accumulation of cellular and tissue damage caused by oxidative stress. Although previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of bone fragility, little direct evidence has been found. In order to investigate the pathological significance of oxidative stress in bones, we analyzed the bone tissue of mice deficient in cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, encoded by the Sod1 gene; Sod1-/-). In the present study, we showed for the first time that in vivo cytoplasmic superoxide caused a distinct weakness in bone stiffness, decreased bone mineral density, aging-like changes in collagen cross-linking, and transcriptional alterations in the genes associated with osteogensis. We also showed that the surface areas of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were significantly decreased in the lumbar vertebrae of Sod1-/- mice, indicating the occurrence of low turnover osteopenia. In vitro experiments demonstrated that intracellular oxidative stress induced cell death and reduced the proliferation in primary osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts, indicating that impaired osteoblast viability caused the decrease in the osteoblast number and suppressed RANKL/M-CSF osteoclastgenic signaling in bone. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant, vitamin C, effectively improved bone fragility and osteoblastic survival. These results imply that intracellular redox imbalance caused by SOD1 deficiency plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of bone fragility both in vivo and in vitro. We herein present a valuable model for investigating the effects of oxidative stress on bone fragility in order to develop suitable therapeutic interventions.
