Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions : Nonlinear Heat Flow Effects (50 Years of the Linear Response Theory――Toward Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Physics)

Abstract

In 1873 van der Waals presented the seminal theory of gas-liquid phase transition. However, dynamic processes involving evaporation and condensation remain almost unexplored. To treat such processes, we present a theory of phase transitions with inhomogeneous temperature. We also explain nonlinear heat flow effects near the superfluid transition of He4, where we treat HeI-HeII interfaces and self-organized states.