Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of advanced maternal age pregnancies and advancements in medical therapy, pregnancies in patients with left heart dysfunction have been increasing. Pregnancy is accompanied by increased demands on uteroplacental circulation, leading to dynamic changes in cardiovascular function. On the other hand, in cases of left heart dysfunction, there is a risk of developing heart failure due to the increase in blood volume. Maternal heart failure has a direct impact on the prognosis of both the mother and the fetus, making it critically important to understand its pathophysiology and respond appropriately. In this comprehensive review, we revisit the fundamental circulatory framework of the pressure-volume loop （PV loop） and circulatory equilibrium, and based on previous research, we discuss circulatory dynamics during pregnancy in both normal and left heart dysfunction conditions.
