Abstract
Sudden cardiac death is disproportionately common among patients with mental disorders. This review focuses on schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders, providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between these conditions and ischemic heart disease and fatal arrhythmia. Schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders involve mechanisms that may trigger the onset of circulatory issues. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that the psychotropic medications commonly used to treat these conditions may contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications. Several factors have been implicated in this increased risk. Patients with mental disorders often exhibit genetic predispositions, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and heightened stress responses, all of which can negatively affect cardiovascular health. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity, also play a significant role. Moreover, psychotropic medications can influence neurotransmitter systems, such as those involving monoamines, and block sodium and potassium channels, contributing to the risk of cardiac arrhythmia and other cardiovascular complications. Given these complexities, regular electrocardiogram monitoring is crucial for patients on psychotropic medications, particularly for patients receiving treatments known to affect cardiac function. Preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification and careful medication management, are necessary to reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac events. A deeper understanding and closer monitoring of these risks may improve the management of both mental and physical health in patients with mental disorders.
