Research on the Phase Characteristics of Special Garden during the Period of Manchukuo

Abstract

Special gardens refer to gardens built in urban or country areas with special functions. Special gardens were first officially introduced by Manchukuo government in 1940. This study aims to explore the phase characteristics of them in that period. 25 research objects are selected. Special garden type, surrounding land type, spatial form are selected as research elements. According to the urban planning and construction process of Manchukuo period, characteristics of research elements of research object, main historical events; the development process of special garden is divided into three phases: 1932-1937, 1938-1941, 1942-1945. In Phase 1, civic playgrounds located in urban living lands came to dominate. This reflects that special gardens at the time mainly served the function of providing space in which people could rest or organize activities, and their construction was concentrated in urban areas. As the focus of planning and construction shifted from urban to countryside, allotment gardens located in countryside became the most important special gardens in Phase 2. This signaled a shift in the function of special gardens, from mainly providing leisurely spaces, to serving productive purposes. In Phase 3, affected by cultural commemorative activities, commemorative nurseries, with both plant cultivation and commemorative functions, came to dominate.