THE FUNDAMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON AMIKACIN IN THE OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC FIELD
1975 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 2175-2189
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1975 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 2175-2189
The fundamental and clinical investigations with a new aminoglycoside derivative, amikacin were performed with the results which may lead to the following conclusion.
1) In vitro antibacterial activity : The minimal inhibitory concentration of amikacin was measured. by an agar plate dilution method. The MIC of amikacin against 80 strains of coagulase positive Staphylococcus isolatedfrom otorrhoea was distributed over a range of 0.39 to 50 μg/ml, with a peak being observed particularly at 3.13 μg/ml. Further, the MIC against 60 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at 0.78 to 25 μg/ml of amikacin, showing its peak at 3.13 μg/ml. Clinical isolated Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains were also examined on their sensitivity to amikacin as well as other antibiotics.
2) Concentration in blood : The blood level of amikacin in healthy adults who were given 100 mg intramuscular injection reached maximum of 9.3 μg/ml 30 minutes after administration. Even at 6 hours after intramuscular injection, clinically effective serum amikacin concentration 0.9 μg/ml was still demonstrable.
3) Concentration in tissues : Amikacin activity was demonstrable at the concentration of 3 to 6.2 μg/g at human palatine tonsilla and mucous membrane of maxillary specimen one hour after the intramuscular injection of 200 mg. Further, the serum concentration of amikacin was then 16.5 to 19μg/ml.
4) Results of clinical treatment : When amikacin was injected intramuscularly in 35 cases of representative infection in the otorhinolaryngologic field, it was excellent in 13 cases, good in 16 cases, fairin 4 cases and poor in 2 cases. When the cases in which it was excellent and good were considered together, good results were obtained in 20 cases, that is an effectiveness ratio of 83 per cent.
5) Side effect : No side effect was shown with the intramuscular injection of amikacin. The comparative examination of hepatic function, electrocyte and auditory acuity before and after injection showed no significant disturbance.
