Abstract
The morphological condition of the lip and columella is very important for cleft lip plasty, especially valuable for the bilateral cleft lip plasty. The lateral face of 536 normal Japanese children aged from 3 to 6 years were measured on a picture taken from the same distance on the median and Frankfort horizontal planes using a head fixation and photo apparatus.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The measurements obtained varied among individuals but no significant difference was observed between the sexes, and the growth during the age seriod from 3 to 6 years was minimal and no significant difference was observed except Ls'-Ni' indicative of the projection degree of the upper lip.
2) Accordingly all the mean values obtained in the children aged from 3 to 6 years could be used as a standard model of normal lip and columella forms.
3) Among the mean values of various determination items, the following were especially useful for bilateral cleft lip plasty: (1) On Distances; Ni-Ls 12.0±1.7 mm, Ls-Li 15.5±2.7 mm, Na'-Ni' 11.2±1.9 mm, Ls'-Li' 6.4±3.0 mm, Na-mF 10.1±1.1 mm, Ls-mF 3.3±1.0 mm, Ls'-Ni' (only this value showed a significant difference chronologically. ). (2) On Angles, ∠ F line-H line 73.5±4.7°, ∠ Z F line-(Ni-Slm) 6.1 ±2.4°, Angle of the face and nose 20.9±2.5°, ∠ Ni-M-Ls 3.6±1.8°, ∠ Ni-M-Slm 7.4±2.3°, ∠ mF line-H line 86.0±4.6°, Angle of the upper lip 15.1±8.2°, ∠ Ls-M-Li 6.5±2.1°, Angle of the lip and columella 99.6±10.6°, Angle of the nose tip 93.1 ±4.4°.
Annotation:
Ni: Nasal columella base
Ls: Medion point of the upper vermillion border
Li. Medion point of the lower vermillion border
Na': Nose tip projected on the Frankfort horizontal plane
Ni': Nasal columella base projected on the Frankfort horizontal plane
Ls': Median point of the upper vermillion border projected on the Frankfort horizontal plane
Li': Median point of the lower vermillion border projected on the Frankfort horizontal plane
Na: Nose tip
mF line: Line from the median point of both internal eye angles to the nasal columella base (Ni-M)
F line: Line from the median point of both internal eye angles to the median point of mentolabial sulcus (M-Pog)
H line: Frankfort horizontal plane (Or-Tr)
Slm: Mentolabial sulcus
M: Median point of both internal eye angles
Angle of the face and nose: Angle between mF line and M-Na line (∠ Ni-M-Na)
Angle of the upper lip: Angle between mF line and Ni-Ls line
Angle of the lip and columella: Angle of the upper lip to the nasal columella
Angle of the nose tip: Angle of the nasal columella to the dorsum
