Space-saving and broadband design of a small vertical U-shaped folded dipole antenna for dual-band WiMAX using a PSO algorithm

Abstract

This study presents a new effective layout method considering space-saving for a type of U-shaped folded dipole antenna (UFDA), namely, a vertical U-shaped folded dipole antenna (VUFDA) that projects from a small ground plane, designed for WiMAX applications. Moreover, by applying a suitable formulation of the objective function in a particle swarm optimization (PSO), the VUFDA shape is optimized to achieve desired broadband properties that include the use of two WiMAX frequency bands, and reduce the physical antenna area by roughly 23% compared to that of an optimized UFDA reported in a previous study.