Influence of concrete on patch antennas on small ground plane

Abstract

In order to deploy a lot of 5G base stations, there is a method of installing them on utility poles and building walls. In this paper, antennas installed on them for 5G base stations are investigated numerically and experimentally. We examine the minimum ground plane size to remove the influence of concrete and embedded reinforced bars. We also verify the effects on the input characteristics and radiation pattern by measurement.