Abstract
In a mature city, redevelopment and other activities are underway, but these alone cannot address the need to improve the quality of life in urban settlements. It is also important to utilize existing open spaces. This paper adds to previous discussions by conducting an observational survey of open spaces on the basement floors of medium-sized commercial facilities, particularly during the evening and nighttime hours, to examine retention behavior. As a result, it was found that the number of users tended to increase as the time got later. The study also confirmed the use of the space by students, which is rare during the daytime. These trends indicate that the use of open space at night can contribute to improving the quality of life of urban dwellers, and that further environmental improvements are needed to make better use of existing space.
https://ror.org/035t8zc32 
