Abstract
We report polyamorphism of supercooled bulk water and water in confined geometry. Anomalous behaviors of water in supercooled state are accounted for in terms of a liquid-liquid phase transition and the associated second critical point. It is found that water confined in two planar hydrophobic walls separated by less than 1 nm shows novel crystalline and amorphous structures. It is also shown that a urea molecule does not act as a structure breaker of water structure in dilute solution and that urea molecules aggregate to a significant extent in higher concentration.
