Abstract
Actions of biologics are often species-specific. Pharmacological active animals would be used for preclinical safety studies. Characteristics of toxicities of biologics are immunogenicity, cytokine releases and other immunological effects. In vitro evaluation methods using human cells are under investigation. In addition, examples of effects of DDS on safety (effects of pegylation on immunogenicity, accelerated blood clearance by pegylated liposomes, and skin irritation in sustained release formulations) are shown.