Abstract
The history of humankind has been a battle against infectious diseases, and highly lethal viral infections have appeared many times. Even in Japan, one-fourth of the population was lost due to smallpox during the Nara period. In the modern era, effective vaccines and drugs were developed, and everyone was optimistic that infectious diseases could be eradicated from the earth by the end of the 20th century. However, infectious diseases such as AIDS, influenza, SARS, and MERS emerged. In particular, the novel coronavirus pandemic that occurred in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 exposed the vulnerability of modern society to infectious diseases. Furthermore, infectious diseases are undergoing significant changes due to human factors such as globalization and the destruction of nature. In this review, I would like to outline the infectious diseases that humans have experienced so far and introduce the fight against the new coronavirus and future infectious disease countermeasures.
