Abstract
In twenty first century, some molecular target-based anticancer drugs have been available with our expectation. But there are many negative data in clinical trials contrary to our expectation. Further, they have induced severe adverse event that we did not expect. So we can accurately identify their molecular targets, and demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials. It is essential to increase the population of well trained medical oncologists who can understand modern molecular biology in order to further improve the treatment results with target based anticancer therapy.