Clinical Application of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxylapatite Coated Dental Implants (Integral^®)

Abstract

Clinical application of plasma sprayed hydroxylapatite coated dental implants (Integral ^(R) ) are reported. The subjects consisted of 14 males and 16 females ranging in age from 22 to 73 years. They were treated with 162 Integral^® implants from April 1988 through May 1990.
The details observed were
: 1) intra-and postoperatively transient paralysis of the mental nerve in 6 cases ; premature exposure of the implant in 5 cases ; and perforation to the maxillary sinus in 3 cases. However, there were no severe complications.
2) At the time examined (from 2 years and 8 months to 4 years and 9 months : the mean period was 3 years and 5 months after implantation), the survival rate for implants was 97. 5% (158/162) and for superstructures settled, 97. 4% (38/39). Three of the four failed implants were in cleft palate patients.
3) Failed implants were associated surgically with : (1) poor quality and/or quantity of bone ; (2) lack of attached, keratinized gingiva ; or (3) implantation in the wrong direction.
Results of the present study indicate that Integral^® is clinically useful. Accurate preoperative evaluation and adequate surgical techniques are needed to achieve a higher succes rate and decrease intra-and postoperative complications.