Comparative Study of the Japanese and Chinese Game Industries: International Expansion of Game Outsourcing Companies

Revised version in Jan. 2026

Abstract

This study elucidates the differences in business strategies within the Japanese and Chinese game outsourcing industries through case studies of TOSE and Virtuos. Utilizing Resource-Based View (RBV) and institutional theory, the analysis reveals that Japanese companies favor an "Internal Stability Model" based on long-term trust and tacit knowledge, whereas companies of Chinese origin pursue an "External Expansion Model" driven by M&A and external capital. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of next-generation international co-development management that complements the differing decision-making principles of both countries.