Abstract
This paper first introduces the concept and the status quo of Multinational Operators for Local Transport Services (MOLTS) such as Arriva, Keolis, Transdev, and Veolia Transport which operate public transport in a number of countries. Their operation in the European context, including American and Oceanic, is encouraged by four motivations, namely: their business model itself as ”Low-Risk, Low-Profit Business with Authorities”; size and nature of the MOLTS; legislative unity to enable the “Low-risk, Low-profit Business with Authorities”; and specialized feature of the MOLTS for tram. Thereafter, the Asian context is analyzed, in which the MOLTS focuses on the development of the urban railway network. The “Low-risk, Low-profit Business with Authorities” foundation is not established overall but possible in some regions. Specialized features are appearing in railway operations in Asia.
