Association between nocturnal sleep duration and midday napping and the incidence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study

Abstract

Background: Identifying treatment targets for sarcopenia is a public health concern. This study aimed to examine the association of nocturnal sleep duration and midday napping with the presence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011 and 2015.

Methods: A sum of 7,926 individuals (≥40 years) took part in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on nocturnal sleep duration and midday napping. Nocturnal sleep duration was categorized into three groups: short sleepers (<6 h), normal sleepers (6–8 h), and long sleepers (>8 h). Midday napping was coded as a dichotomous outcome (yes/no).

Results: The incidence of sarcopenia was 5.3% during the 4-year follow-up. Short sleep duration (<6 h) was substantially linked to an increased incidence of sarcopenia (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.21–1.87) as compared to nocturnal sleep length (6–8 h). Adults with midday napping had a lower risk of developing sarcopenia than non-nappers (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.95). We further found that short sleepers with midday napping did not have a significantly higher risk of subsequent diagnosis of sarcopenia compared to normal sleepers without midday napping.

Conclusion: These findings imply that short sleep duration in middle-aged and older persons is related to an increased incidence of sarcopenia. However, the adverse effect of short sleep duration on sarcopenia can be compensated by midday napping.