Abstract
Chomsky (2000, 2001) proposes Agree as an operation that links positions in syntactic structure, discarding feature movement proposed in Chomsky (1995: Ch. 4). Pesetsky (2000), on the other hand, defends an analysis in which covert phrasal movement plays a crucial role, thus arguing for the need of invisible movement for the link between syntactic positions. This paper argues that both Agree and covert phrasal movement are operations needed to establish an invisible link, drawing evidence from focus particle licensing in Japanese. Covert phrasal movement establishes long-distance scope, but must be accompanied by an independent operation of Agree. Agree itself may establish short-distance scope without any sort of movement. The present paper shows the importance of Agree as well as covert phrasal movement in accounting for scope-related phenomena.