Phenomena, mechanisms, and developmental processes of spontaneous facial reactions

Abstract

Viewing others’ facial expressions often evokes congruent facial responses in the observer. This phenomenon, referred to as “spontaneous facial reactions,” is considered to act as “social glue” by fostering affiliation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still under debate. The present article reviews the literature on spontaneous facial reactions and introduces both classical and contemporary theoretical frameworks. Finally, the article examines the subject from a developmental perspective and proposes possible neural mechanisms formed through social interactions during infancy that underlie spontaneous facial reactions.