2025 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
The software-defined vehicle (SDV) is a next-generation automobile whose functions are defined by software, with its architecture shifting towards a zonal structure. In this paper, we first explain the structural differences of SDV from conventional vehicles and the enabling technologies it such as virtualization, microservices, and over-the-air (OTA) updates. We then categorize the expanding cybersecurity threats arising from increased connectivity and supply chain complexity, and discuss specific attack scenarios. Furthermore, we detail multilayered countermeasures, including transparency with Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), ensuring supply chain integrity with Uptane and in toto, and hardware security with HSM/TEE. Finally, we consider industrial challenges and future prospects, such as compliance with international standards like UN-R155 and the establishment of a DevSecOps framework.
