Abstract
This article sheds light on principles of human-human communication such as everyday conversation. Traditional views of communication generally have the following four principles in common: communication is (i) based on information transfer, (ii) the participants’ intentions, (iii) co-presence among participants, and (iv) actions. These principles, however, actually often obfuscate various phenomena and distort their descriptions and explanations. This article shows this concretely through an observation of modern spoken Japanese. Then, a more useful view of communication is elicited that captures communication as a part of participants’ lives based on a consciousness that states, “My co-presence with others is mutually acknowledged by others.”
