RELATION BETWEEN THE AMPHOTELYTIC PROPERTIES AND THE PURITY OF CELLULOSE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. (PRELIMINARY REPORT.)

Kisou Kanamaru

doi:10.2115/fiber1925.4.259

Kisou Kanamaru

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1928 Volume 4 Issue 10 Pages 259-284

DOI https://doi.org/10.2115/fiber1925.4.259

[Correction] Sen-iso Kogyo Vol.4 No.12 (1928) pp.326-326

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Published: 1928 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: November 27, 2008 Reason for correction: - Correction: DTRECEIVED Details: Wrong : 19280810

Date of correction: November 27, 2008 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : (1) In the first place, the removal of the inorganic impurities which have a great affinity to cellulose and which are apt to have a marked influence upon the amphotelytic properties of cellulose and its derivatives, was investigated.
(2) As the samples, the following materials were taken:
1. Standard cellulose.
2. Oxy- and hydro-cellulose.
2. Cellulose hydrate.
4. Nitro and acetyl cellulose.
They were all purified, especially freed from inorganic matters as far as possible.
Two grams of each sample were taken and immerced in 20 cc of Clark's standard buffer solutions of various FI ion concentrations, and their amphotelytic properties as well as their isoelectric points were determined by determining the pH value of the solutions after equilibrium. It was also investigated and considered about the influences upon the amphotelytic properties of these cellulosic materials acted by those substances which have a marked affinity to these samples and are apt to contaminate them. From this investigation, the following considerations and conclusions were obtained.
(1) When cellulose is entirely free from all sorts of impurities, it is a non-ionized chemically indifferent substance. As it is generally known, however, the surfaces of such materials as cellulose, which do not dissociate at all, are negatively charged against aqueous solution. Such negative properties can be explained, as has been done by L. Michaelis, by assuming that it is originated from the electric double-layers which are formed at the boundary surfaces of materials of chemically indifferent, in consequence of the different capillary activities of it ions and of OH ions of water. The author formulated the cellulose micell as [(Cel.)OH] H.
(2) The ordinary samples of cellulose contain, among other impurities, a small quantity of alkali in such a state as [(Cel.)OH] Na which can not be easily removed by simple washing with water. I fence they show the properties of amphotelytic substances and have apparent -not true- isoelectric points which correspond to the quantity of the alkali in double-layers state (“d-state”). Inorganic substances, other than the alkali in the “d-state” contained in cellulosic materials, can easily be removed by washing with water, if they arc water soluble.
The alkali in the “d-state” can easily bo removed by washing with acid solution and with its removal the apparent isoelectric points move to the acid side. Therefore, any cellulosic materials which have received acid treatments in their histories (such as filter papers, sulfite pulps, etc.) have their apparent isoelectric points at acid side and those which have received alkaline treatments (such as soda pulps and standard cellulose) at alkaline side.
(3) Besides, the amphotelytic behavior of cellulose can also be effected to some extent by some colloidal electrolytes and the likes which are apt to be adsorbed by and contained in cellulose gel. Degradated celluloses, such as oxy- and hydrocellulose are considered to have such nature and to influence the true properties of cellulose.
Oxycellulose were found by the author to be a typical acidoid and its acidoidal property increases with the increase of the degree of oxidation, and hydrocellulose to be something like a basoid, which increases its basoidal property as the hydrolysis proceeds.
(4) As the combining effects of these two unavoidable impurities, cellulose must be endowed with amphotelytic property. Beside these impurities considered by the author many other substances, such as insoluble salts or bases, protoplasmic substances, pectin, natural colouring matters, may to some extent affect the true properties of cellulose.
In short, it can be concluded that the amphotelytic property of cellulose is not the true one of cellulose but is ascribed to the role played by the contaminated impurities among.

Date of correction: November 27, 2008 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

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