Abstract
The effect of temperature, addition of neutral salts, valency of the added metallic ion and time of steepinig on the amount of Katanol O adsorbed by viscose silk was investigated with the following conclusions:
(1) Viscose silk does not adsorb Katanol O to any appreciable amount at any temperature when used in amounts generally used industrially for mordanting viscose silk without the addition of neutral salts like common salt or Glauber's salt.
(2) The amount of Katanol adsorbed when used with a suitable amount of common salt, is greatly influenced by the temperature. Generally, maximum adsortion is lower with higher temperatures and the time necessary to reach the maximum ax: sorption is longer with lower temperatures.
(3) Though the amount of Katanol adsorbed at 20° or 30°C does not vary much with that adsorbed at 40°C, it requires a very long time to reach the maximum adsorption. It can be thought that in this case 40°C is a sort of critical temperature, which changes with the concentration of Katanol O, amount of the added neutral salt, and other conditions.
(4) Under the general process used for the mordanting of Viscose silk, in a short time (say 2-3 hours), 60°C is the best temperature for effective mordanting and it is not advisable to lower the temperature below 40°C.
(5) The addition of common salt or Glauber's salt has a remarkable influence on the amount of Katanol adsorbed and the amount of Katanol adsorbed increases with the amount of neutral salt added. The influence of common salt and Glauber's salt when added in equivalent amounts is nearly the same.
(6) The reasons for the above effects were discussed from the standpoint of colloid chemistry.
