The extraction of significant parameter on the relationship between geomagnetic activity (Kp = 2− ∼ 5+) and the solar wind conditions

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between the physical parameters which show the solar wind conditions (e.g., magnetic field, solar wind velocity, and plasma number density) and global geomagnetic conditions represented by Kp (2− ∼ 5+). The solar wind parameters observed by satellites over 22 years from 1998 to 2019 were used, and they were analyzed by neural networks that focus on the potentiality of input neurons (potential learning; PL). As a result, we found that the solar wind velocity and the plasma number density may play an important role in the Kp index whose range is from 2− to 5+.