The relationship between the process of behavioral expression and the processing time required for movement initiation triggered by instructions.

Abstract

In recent years, mindfulness meditation has gained significant attention, particularly the use of Counting Breaths as an inducing method of meditation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of multi model stimuli in passive or active approach on inducing meditation and to identify the most suitable inducing methods of meditation for beginners. Evaluation indices of the meditative state include alpha and theta power of EEG in the frontal lobe, heart rate, and respiration rate during meditation. The quality of ”Concentration,” known to be improved by meditation,was assessed using the task performance and theta power of EEG in the frontal meditation.The results indicated that Counting Breaths (CB), Feeling Touches (FT), and Listening Sounds (LS) were effective in inducing both a meditative state and concentration. CB, FT, and LS showed a subjective increase in the feeling of ease for performing the task,and the physiological indices simultaneously indicated a meditative state. Passive sensory inputs (Watching Counting (WC), LS, Watching LED (WL), FT, Listening Counting Numbers (LCN)) or active attention (CB, Counting Watched Counting (CWC), Counting Listened Sounds (CLS), Counting Watched LED (CWL), Counting Felt Touches (CFT), Counting Listened Counting Numbers (CLCN)) had little impact on the magnitude of the meditation effect.