Female Patient with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Due to Non-vaccine Serotype 24B Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract

We report the case of a 1-year-old female with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after three administrations of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) according to the immunization schedule for children in Japan. Blood culture detected Streptococcus pneumoniae 24B, which is a non-vaccine serotype. In Japan, PCV7 introduced in 2010 reduced the number of IPD patients under 5 years of age. However, the number of children under 5 years of age with IPD due to non-vaccine serotypes gradually increased after 2014 even though PCV13 was introduced in 2013. Pneumococcal vaccination cannot completely prevent IPD. Therefore, medical practitioners should pay attention to IPD due to non-vaccine serotypes.