Current Condition of Solid Waste Management and JICA Support in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Sri Lanka, facing economic challenges exacerbated by COVID-19, is grappling with significant issues including poverty, income inequality and environmental concerns, particularly poor solid waste management (SWM). Projections indicate a sharp increase in national waste generation, exceeding 10,000 tonnes per day by 2020. Waste collection rates vary between provinces, with higher rates in the most populous ones, Western and Eastern provinces. The research methodology includes a literature review and observations to ascertain the current state of SWM in Sri Lanka. International and national policies, influenced by global conventions, shape Sri Lanka’s waste management strategy, with a focus on circular-economy practices, biodegradable waste management, energy recovery and sustainable landfill practices. JICA has played a key role in supporting Sri Lanka’s SWM initiatives, including the Clean City Initiative (JCCI) and historical assistance dating back to 2000. Projects such as the Western Province Solid Waste Management Master Plan aim to address challenges, with JICA’s involvement extending to the promotion of composting policies supported by Japanese technology. Notable achievements include the introduction of mechanised composting facilities and the development of a waste management database system. Efforts also extend to strengthening plastic management capacity, as outlined in the National Action Plan for Plastic Waste Management 2021–2030. JICA’s ongoing support includes capacity building for the newly established Plastic Management Centre. Overall, these initiatives reflect a commitment to sustainable waste management, environmental protection and the pursuit of a cleaner and healthier future for Sri Lanka.