Invasive Alien Ants in the United States: Current Status and Countermeasures

Abstract

Invasive alien ants pose significant economic and ecological threats in the United States, with the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and the Asian needle ant (Brachyponera chinensis) exemplifying the challenges. This review examines the status, distribution and management strategies of these species, with a particular focus on recent research advances in control methods. Innovations such as water-resistant baits, RNA interference, viruses, integration of trail pheromones, hydrogels, prey-baiting and trapping box strategies enhance the specificity and efficacy of invasive ant control while addressing the unique behaviors of target species. We propose that a comprehensive approach, integrating both traditional and novel species-specific strategies, is essential for advancing invasive ant management and adapting to the growing diversity of invasive ants arriving and establishing in the United States.