2026 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 37-46
As global biodiversity loss continues, conservation frameworks need to move toward more integrated approaches. This paper examines the role of Genetic Resource Banking (GRB) within the One Plan Approach (OPA), which integrates in situ and ex situ conservation into a single framework. By using cryopreservation at approximately −196 °C, GRB can preserve biological materials for long periods, providing a biological safety net and maintaining genetic diversity for future use. These resources also support Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and serve as research infrastructure for genomic and disease-related studies. In Japan, a complementary system has been developed in which the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) focuses on cultured somatic cells, while zoological institutions focus on germ cell preservation. The Okinawa rail (Hypotaenidia okinawae) provides a case study showing how cryopreserved cells can be used in conservation. These materials have supported genome analysis and in vitro infection studies to assess the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Despite these advances, the gap between scientific potential and policy remains. This review suggests that cryopreservation should not be treated only as an emergency measure but should be introduced earlier as a preventive tool in conservation planning. Strengthening long-term infrastructure and coordination among institutions will be important to supporting the conservation of endangered species.
