Difficulty experienced by family in supporting elderly diabetic patients is associated with a decline in patients' higher-level functions

Abstract

Objective: To examine the relationship between difficulties experienced by family in supporting elderly patients with diabetes and these patients' higher-level functions.

Methods: The subjects were outpatients with diabetes ≥65 years old at Ise Red Cross Hospital and their family members. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was used to assess patients' higher-level functions. The Japanese version of the Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale (D-CASS-J) was used to measure difficulties experienced by family in supporting elderly patients with diabetes. Using a multiple regression analysis with TMIG-IC scores (instrumental ADL, intellectual activity, and social participation) as the dependent variable and D-CASS-J scores (based on the highest scoring Q1 group among the three quartiles of D-CASS-J scores) as the explanatory variables, standardized regression coefficients (β) for higher-level functions on the family's perceived support difficulties were calculated.

Results: In total, 429 patients (254 male patients and 175 female patients) were included in the analysis. For male patients, the adjusted beta values for TMIG-IC scores in Q2 and Q3 were −0.039 (P=0.649) and −0.352 (P<0.001), respectively, and the adjusted beta values for the instrumental ADL scores were −0.064 (P=0.455), −0.192 (P=0.047), −0.090 (P=0.375), and −0.360 (P=0.002) for the Intellectually Active scores, respectively, and the adjusted beta for social role scores were 0.054 (P=0.581) and −0.261 (P=0.019), respectively. However, there was no association between the patients' higher-level functions and family support difficulties among female patients.

Conclusions: Difficulty experienced by the family in supporting elderly male patients with diabetes is associated with reduced higher-level functioning.