GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE CYTOPLASM IN TRITICUM AND AEGILOPS
VI. DISTRIBUTION OF THE HAPLOID-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS
1976 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 193-200
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1976 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 193-200
A common wheat Triticum aestivum strain Salmon is known to produce haploids in response to some alien cytoplasms. In the present study, the distribution of the haploid-inducing cytoplasms to this wheat was investigated using 19 species belonging to two genera, Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops. The cytoplasms of seven Polyeides species (Ae. umbellulata, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. columnaris, Ae. triaristata (6x), Ae. kotschyi, Ae. variabilis and Ae. triuncialis) and one Cylindropyrum species (Ae. caudata) of Aegilops induced haploids at various frequencies (7.1% the lowest and 33.6% the highest). One species of each Polyeides (Ae. ovata) and Cylindropyrum (Ae. cylindrica), and all species of Vertebrata (Ae. squarrosa, Ae. juvenalis and Ae. crassa (6x)), Sitopsis (Ae. speltoides and Ae. sharonensis), and Triticum (T. boeoticum, T. dicoccum, T. timopheevi and T. aestivum) tested produced no haploids, except for a single plant. Thus, the distribution of the haploid-inducing cytoplasms is confined to the Polyeides and Cylin-dropyrum sections of Aegilops. It was assumed that the plasmagene(s) for haploid induction of Ae. umbellulata Ae. biuncialis, Ae. columnaris, Ae. triaristata (6x), and Ae. triuncialis of the Polyeides, and Ae. caudata of Cylindropyrum has a common origin with each other, while the gene(s) of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. variabilis of Polyeides has a different origin.
Three pollen parents of T. aestivum; Salmon, Chinese Spring and Jones Fife showed different haploid-inducing powers in the order of Jones Fife (22.0%), Salmon (18.3%) and Chinese Spring (12.3%). All the haploid-inducing cytoplasms except one (Ae. umbellulata cytoplasm) produced twin and triplet seedlings at high frequencies (2.8-14.3%). Ninety-two per cent of the twins were the haplo-diplo type, and all the triplets were the haplo-haplo-diplo type. The production of the twin and triplet seedlings of these types is intimately related to the induction of haploid parthenogenesis by the cytoplasms.
