Abstract
I have given an outline regarding cognitive impairment implicated in the damage to the frontal lobe and to the basal ganglia. Damage of the frontal lobe causes various impairments. Among them those which are well established as a definite symptoms and known its causative lesions are clumsiness, anarthria as central gyrus symptoms, impairment of central executive of working memory, set shifting, agraphia, dystypia, word retrieval difficulty, anterior operculum syndrome as dorsolateral symptoms, and grasping reflex, instinctive grasping reaction, releasing phenomena of well learned praxes as medial frontal symptoms. Damage to the basal ganglia shows similar symptoms as found in the case of frontal lobe damage, however, there are some differences ; basal ganglia damage does not develop impairment of set shifting but shows impairment of maintaining newly acquired set, and also manifests visuo-spatial impairment when simultaneously activating central executive function.
