Abstract
The aim of this presentation is to approach the truth of social exclusion still more by applying human geography's concepts to social exclusion debates. However, according to Cameron(2005), human geography has been now excluded from social exclusion debates. Given such present situation, there are two problems to apply geographical concepts to social exclusion theory. The first is a theoretical investigation into the spatial including place. This concept has been argued as historically contingent process. Contingency of place means that it is hard to be identified as a cause and a factor, different from other compositional factors. We must recognize that difficulty of telling it derives from contingency of the spatial. The second is how we can treat the spatial in empirical studies after having recognized this. Accumulation of neighborhood effect studies is suggestive. Electoral geography has been examined neighborhood effect by quantitative technique. By switchovers from compositional approach to contextual approach, a change occurred in the how to catch. It is in particular important that residual in compositional model was defined as neighborhood effect by reduction to absurdity. These studies suggest possibility to grasp the spatial which it is hard to identify as an explanation factor under control. In social exclusion theory, there is the trial that is going to identify compositional factors as indexes and measure the extent to it. As neighborhood effect studies did, we need to consider a viewpoint catching residual of many indexes in social exclusion debates.
