Abstract
Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. is newly reported from Ogasawara Islands, southern Japan. The species is characterized by its elliptical to oblong upper leaves with an obtuse apex; plane or recurved leaf margins with the upper part crenulate by conspicuously smaller apical marginal cells than interior cells; costa weakly forked at the tip; and axillary hairs of one or two hyaline basal cells and one terminal clavate cell. Based on the Japanese material, a detailed morphological description, analytical illustrations and ecological information are provided. The identity of the species is confirmed by molecular evolutionary analyses and the unique evolutionary history of the species is estimated.