Abstract
This study examined the effects of cognitive–physical dual-task exercise using a ground-walking training robot. Few studies have evaluated dual-task training under actual ground-walking conditions while using a support system designed to minimize fall risk. In this study, older participants were assigned to a dual-task group (DT), who performed cognitive and physical tasks simultaneously, or a single-task group (ST), who performed them sequentially. Training was conducted twice weekly for four weeks, and cognitive and physical functions were assessed at pre-, post-, and three-month follow-up. In this exploratory analysis, DT participants showed greater improvements in cognitive response speed (TOVA) and in physical measures such as grip strength and the two-step test than ST participants. Questionnaire responses also suggested favorable changes in walking-related confidence, including reduced fall anxiety and higher self-reported walking frequency. These findings provide exploratory indications that ground-based dual-task training supported by a safety-assured walking robot may offer benefits for cognitive and physical function in older adults, and highlight potential targets for future confirmatory research.
