Abstract
Indigenous people of Kamchatka were forced to join a collective farm, kolkhoz under the socialism system. Under the farm collectivization people were able to catch much salmon for private use according to their tradition. Even in 1970s, indigenous people who were working in kolkhoz and sovkhoz (state farm) had about ten-day holidays for their salmon fishing. However, in 1984 license system for indigenous salmon-fishing was introduced and also a limit to the amount of salmon was laid down. Moreover, in 1990s salmon of Kamchatka began to have connection with the world market because each enterprise came under private management.
Price of salmon is not so high due to world overproduction, and commercial profit of salmon fishery is also not so high with the exception of sockeye and coho salmon. Most profitable salmon product for local fishing enterprise is salted roe, and this situation also applies to that of indigenous people. The production of salted salmon roe is done vigorously in local areas, and some of them are thought to belong to the underground economy.
After the perestroika, a democratic system emerged and local people could elect a governor, members of an assembly and a member of the Lower House. However indigenous peoples are still minorities, and they want their system of usage and management of natural resources that are held by the state.
